Formation of a kimberlitovy tube happens during a volcanic eruption when through crust gases from a subsoil of the earth escape outside. The form of such tube reminds a funnel or a glass. Volcanic explosion takes out from Earth subsoil a kimberlite - the breed sometimes containing diamonds. Breed is called so in honor of the city of Kimberley in South Africa where in 1871 diamond weighing 85 carat (16,7 grams) was found that caused Diamond fever.
On June 13, 1955 the geologists who were looking for in Yakutia a kimberlitovy tube, saw a high larch roots at which bared the landslide. The fox dug under it a deep hole. On characteristic bluish color the scattered fox of the earth geologists understood that it is a kimberlite. The coded radiogramm was right there sent to Moscow: "Lit a pipe of peace, tobacco excellent". Soon through 2800 km. off road terrain to a place of opening of a kimberlitovy tube motorcades stretched. Round a field of diamonds the working settlement Mirnyi grew, now it is the city with the population of 36 thousand people.
In tube kimberlites the World in our country was found and studied for the first time diamondiferous эклогит where diamond is a rock-forming phase. In a tube the World was revealed and studied new type of diamondiferous breed – garnet пироксенит, and also the first find diamondiferous pomegranate - an ilmenite peridotite is made. In the same tube single xenoliths of diamondiferous peridotites, original xenoliths of ilmenite peridotites and пироксенитов with pomegranate and without it are found. Also unique sample garnet лерцолита with non-uniform structure of pomegranate is described.
On Mir mine the largest diamond found in Russia on December 23, 1980 was extracted. It weighs 342,5 carats (more than 68 g) and "the XXVI congress of CPSU" is called
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